Very interesting competition!

Thanks to Vladosiya and your team!

I am stuck at the first question itself for a while

I have an idea to solve G in another way (a bit complicated). Height of vertex = value of vertex The best way from point $$$a$$$ to $$$b$$$ by traversing vertexex with minimum values. So, we can make a tree/forest (if graph is not connected) on our graph and use only simple paths to move between vertexes. We sort our vertexes by value. Maintain DSU. Iterate every edge of every vertex and add edge if vertex are in diffrerent unions.
Our query is reformulated: check if maximum of value of every vertex on simple path between $$$a$$$ and $$$b$$$ is smaller or equal to $$$value[a]$$$ + $$$energy$$$. If $$$a$$$ and $$$b$$$ are in different unions then path does not exists. It could be done by finding $$$c = lca(a,b)$$$. We divided our task to find maximum on path between $$$a$$$ and $$$c$$$, and on path between $$$b$$$ and $$$c$$$. And resulting maximum will be maximum from these. To find LCA and maximum on path between $$$a,b$$$ and $$$lca(a,b)$$$ we can use binary lifting.

I nearly got F. I know there is something to do with sorting but don't have enough time to implement it

Why problem E doesn't have cycles? I read E description for very long time but still don't know why :(

bruh my solution for C would have worked if i didnt put nums2 instead of nums1 at https://codeforces.com/contest/1851/submission/215591370

working solution: https://codeforces.com/contest/1851/submission/215744363

wasted :(

is alright tho learnt that i always have to double check my code

In problem F can also be understood using equation

$$$a+b = a ⊕ b+ 2*(a$$$&$$$b)$$$

$$$a = a_{i} ⊕x$$$

$$$b = a_{j} ⊕x$$$

$$$ \large \frac{(a_{i} ⊕x) + (a_{j} ⊕x) - (a_{i} ⊕x ⊕a_{j} ⊕x)}{2} = \frac{(a_{i} ⊕x) + (a_{j} ⊕x) - (a_{i} ⊕a_{j} )}{2} $$$

So we need to get min pair xor and $$$x$$$ which increases positive term.

G can be solved online using persistent DSU, which also allows us to solve the problem of finding the minimum energy needed to go from $$$a$$$ to $$$b$$$ in $$$O(\log n)$$$.

Submission

In my solution of D I have used slightly different checks to determine if the original array was a permutation.

Let's assume we already know that the deleted element isn't the last one — it's either the first one or some element in the middle (same as in the editorial).

• For the original array to be a permutation there can't be two differences of 1 in the prefix array (we can't reduce a 1 to any other difference by inserting an element back to the prefix array).
• Given array of prefix sums can either have at most one difference bigger than n, or at most 2 equal differences (we need to insert back at least one element to fix either one of those, so if we have to insert more than one element, the original array isn't a permutation).

I don't know how to prove that these 2 conditions are sufficient for the original array be a permutation, but apparently this is enough, my submission: 215583206

Someone please explain the secret solution of div2F mentioned in editorial.. what are AVX instructions ? :)

unordered_map gives TLE while map works

Can someone help me understand why using unordered_map fails(TLE on case 13) but using map works in problem D. The logic in my code is to find answer based upon the occurance of a difference between adjacent elements > n and any repeated differences. I know that average time complexity for unordered_map is O(1) while in worst case it is O(n) and average for map is O(log n), however I always thought that using unordered_map is faster due to better average. What am I missing? My submission using unordered_map — 215744161 My submission using map — 215746951 Both the codes are same except the usage of map instead of unordered_map

I thought editorial of D would have a better solution.

can we simply solve e with simple array based approach. just trying to update values to 0 for potions which r unlimited and then calculate cost, and simply give the output by comparing.

Is the solution 2 for F correct? Consider the case: 1 (0b000001), 31 (0b011111), and 32 (0b100000), with k = 6: Here the answer is ai=1, aj=32. If we look at a(i+1), it has a very high (non-minimal) xor with both aj and ai and the answer is not the adjacent numbers after sorting.

good div 3!!

but...i think problem A need to be easier to understand TvT

For problem F, I don't think solution 3 passes, as you typed O(n^2/16), or is it just a typo of the time complexity? Thanks.

How can we use AVX instructions to solve 1851F?

I feel that I have considered the d question comprehensively, but it's just not right. I'm so sad :（

For problem E, since there can't be any cycles, the problem can also be solved by first doing a topological sort. And then a DP in that order, because for all $$$i$$$ we have already computed the answer for the potions it can be mixed by (namely some $$$j$$$ where $$$j < i$$$).

(And great competition, thank you Vladosiya and team!)

In F, we can actually prove that we need minimum XOR pair, let Ai = A and Aj =B and x = X (A ^ X).(B^X) = (AX' + A'X)(BX' + B'X) = ABX' + A'B'X From this, we can deduce that for whatever A and B, there exists X that can give a maximum value so, we only need to calculate the maximum value of AB + A'B' which is basically XNOR. Hence we need to calculate the minimum of XOR of all pair.

Solution of problem E using Trie.
algorithm -> Before inserting a element into the TRIE we check the minimum xor we can form using the current element and the previous element inserted int the TRIE.
We can also construct the other element and the number X(the element which satisfies the inqquality (ai⊕x)&(aj⊕x) ) while traversing the TRIE.

submission Link : link

I need to code all 3 solutions for problem F

I think F was Google-able, but I didn't have the insight to try it in the contest. Great contest! (if not a little frustrating)

can anyone help me in problem D?

https://codeforces.com/contest/1851/submission/215772754

wa in test case 3

I tried coding this $$$O(n^2/16)$$$ solution to problem F using AVX instructions. However its taking 2.14s for 1.5e5 elements, but barely blowing the 3s TL for 2e5. Can anyone think of any optimizations?

https://codeforces.com/contest/1851/submission/215775069

Update: After only saving the block indices that gave the minimum (not the element indicies) and then reiterating separately though these two blocks, I managed to save just enough operations.

$$$O(n^2/16)$$$ AC: https://codeforces.com/contest/1851/submission/215791929

How unlucky you are-> My honest reaction: my solution= 215621385 and my submission just after the contest after just adding two brackets in if(i!=H) condition 215624902

My thoughts and solution for F:

We can check by the truth table that we will get a plus in our final value if the $$$i$$$'th bit in $$$a$$$ and $$$b$$$ are equal (0 and 0) or (1 and 1). So, the final value is for each two values inside the array our value is: $$$\sum_{i=0}^{k-1} ((\text{ith bit of } a \text{ and } b \text{ equals to each other}) \ll i)$$$.

So, the final output will be the indices of $$$a$$$ and $$$b$$$ that will give us the maximum value. We can notice that our sum is equivalent to: $$$2^{k} - 1 - \sum_{i=0}^{k-1} ((\text{ith bit of } a \neq \text{ith bit of } b) \ll i)$$$.

Additionally, we can observe that $$$\sum_{i=0}^{k-1} ((\text{ith bit of } a \neq \text{ith bit of } b) \ll i)$$$ is the definition of $$$a \oplus b$$$ (the bitwise XOR operation between $$$a$$$ and $$$b$$$).

So, how do we maximize our sum? We need to minimize the XOR, right? To do so, I know (from previous problems) that the minimum XOR occurs from a pair of values in the given array (but sorted).

so we just do that :).

sort the given array, get the minimum xor and build the X accordingly. my submission: 215782665

Has anyone solved F with a binary search(n log(n))?

can someone please explain me question D.

Someone please help me. This 215826166 really drives me crazy. I got tens of Runtime Error with GUN C++ 20 because of exit code: -1073741819 (STATUS_ACCESS_VIOLATION) but the same code could be Accepted with MS C++ 2017. I can't figure out why.

Can someone explain why my soln to E 215608832 throws a runtime error on test 12

I have an approach similar to solution-$$$2$$$ for Problem F but we don't need to sort.

Here is my solution.

Greedy solution for F:

We need to find value = (a[i] ^ x) & (a[j] ^ x). Note that a[i] & value removes bits that do not affect the answer. Let's find value greedily starting from the highest bits. All we need to do is make sure that after adding next 1 bit, there is still at least two different i that produce a[i] & (value | (1 << u)).

int value = 0;
for (int u = k - 1; u >= 0; --u) {
    map<int, int> q;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (++q[a[i] & (value | (1 << u))] > 1) {
            value |= (1 << u);
        }
    }
}
map<int, int> q;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    int y = a[i] & value;
    if (q.count(y)) {
        cout << i + 1 << " " << q[y] + 1 << " " << (value ^ y) << "\n";
        return;
    }
    q[y] = i;
}

Another opportunity to feel ashamed

Thanks for memorable contest first time touch pupil

Anyone whose E shows runtime error on test case 12[python]

I have another solution for problem F. It relies on the fact that for any bit, if it is on or off in both the numbers we choose, than that bit will be on in the number we try to maximise. With this in mind we can define a recursive function that for some maximal suffix of bits of the number we try to maximse, keeps track of all the numbers with that suffix and which of those numbers have the next bit set to 0 and which bit set to 1 tries to turn on the next bit in the solution or just skip it if it is not possible (this happens when there are 0 or 1 numbers with the next bit being 0 and 0 or 1 numbers with the next bit being 1). This results in a solution of complexity O(nk). Here is my code: https://codeforces.com/contest/1851/submission/216012524

For task E, you can simply write a recursion

Very good contest! I learned a lot of new knowledge.

can anyone plz tell in problem g why cant we just simply perform dfs starting from a and check whether we are able to ever reach b or not with the necessary checks of energy .

Is there some tutorial for bitwise trie data structure from problem F? It's hard for me to understand the official solution.

in ques A why do we need to check if the vlag height(H) and escsalator person's height[i] is equal or not

in question A, I didn't understand the statement: "the difference between the extreme steps should not exceed the difference in height." why is this condition considered?

THese condition in question D is useless

vector<int> cntGt1;
    for (auto p: cnt) {
        if (p.second > 1) {
            cntGt1.push_back(p.first);
        }
    }
    if (cntGt1.size() > 1) {
        cout << "NO\n";
        return;
    }
    if (cntGt1.size() == 1) {
        int x1 = cntGt1[0];
        if (cnt[x1] > 2) {
            cout << "NO\n";
            return;
        }

}

Way too many edge cases for D.

My solution:-

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

include

using namespace std; typedef long long ll; typedef pair<int, int> pii; typedef pair<ll, ll> pl; typedef vector vi; typedef vector vll; typedef vector vpii; typedef vector vpl; typedef vector vvi; typedef vector vvll; typedef vector vs; typedef vector<vector> vvll; typedef map<ll,bool> mllb; typedef unordered_set ucst; typedef unordered_map<ll,bool> umllb;

define PI 3.1415926535897932384626

define pb push_back

define mp make_pair

const ll mod=10e9+7;

bool solve() { ll n; cin>>n; int m=n-1; vll arr(n-1); ll permSum=n*(n+1)/2; for(ll& x: arr) { cin>>x; }

for(auto x: arr) {
    if(x>permSum) {
        return false;
    }
}

if(arr[m-1]>permSum) {
    //Not a permutation
    return false;
} else if(arr[m-1]<permSum) {
    //Last element missing in prefix sum
    arr.push_back(permSum);
    unordered_map<ll,ll> mp;
    for(int i=n-1;i>0;i--) {
        mp[arr[i]-arr[i-1]]++;
    }
    mp[arr[0]]++;

    for(ll i=1;i<=n;i++) {
        if(mp[i]==0) {
            return false;
        } else if(mp[i]>1) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
} else {
    //First or middle element deleted
    arr.insert(arr.begin(),0);
    unordered_map<ll,ll> mp;
    for(ll i=n-1;i>0;i--) {
        mp[arr[i]-arr[i-1]]++;
    }

    vector<ll> missing;
    for(ll i=1;i<=n;i++) {
        if(mp.find(i)==mp.end()) {
            missing.push_back(i);
        }
    }

    if(missing.size()>2) {
        return false;
    }

    if(missing[0]+missing[1]>n && mp[missing[0]+missing[1]]==1) {
        return true;
    } else if(missing[0]+missing[1]<=n && mp[missing[0]+missing[1]]==2) {
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

}

int main() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0); ll t; cin>>t; //t=1; while(t--) { if(solve()) cout<<"YES"<<endl; else cout<<"NO"<<endl; //solve(); //cout<<solve()<<endl; }

return 0;

}

If anyone was curious, yes 1851E can be solved using modified dijkstra https://codeforces.com/contest/1851/submission/220974558

Hi, for problem E, why does the below code gives TLE but the tutorial solution works?

223600037

You just need to do like this for prob B. Thank you for the contest but I hope you will do better editorial next time.

https://pastie.io/hccsrs.cpp

Problem E,It is guaranteed that no potion can be obtained from itself through one or more mixing processes. but in 1st example case 3,potion 1 can be obtained from 2,4,5 , and potion 4 can be obtained from 1,5, doesn't that make 1 and 4 a circle???

I am Chinese.This competition is very interesting.I like it very much.It is gooder than luogu.